dog breeds information akc

dog breeds information akc

dog training tips In Depth

Be patient, clear and consistent.Dog Training - Sit Command - Few behaviors are as fundamentally important as 'sit'. Simultaneously, gently take both the dog's forelegs and pull toward you, issuing the voice command. Don't be harsh, but don't give up easily either. Praise and reward anyway, even though you had to 'force' the sit. But they can be easily distracted, or fail to associate today's case of 'come' with yesterday's action and subsequent reward.At first the dog will have no idea why it's being praised but it doesn't matter as with repetition the behavior will follow the command. Hold off on food treats until you really need them.Dog Training - Down Command - Dogs have a natural inclination to adhere to a hierarchy with an alpha (leader) at the top. Dogs can be amazing at understanding spoken communication. The latter they do only when they have no choice. Follow those futile techniques and you'll harvest the pay back of a neurotic dog and you will be an unhappy owner. It's totally counter-productive and won't help anyway. As important is what he is not doing! In a sit dogs can't chase cats, knock over furniture, run into the street. Pull the leash loop with your foot, sliding it over your leg. There are alternate explanations for their behavior.As a last resort, for the stubborn or slow learner, give the command and at the same time push gently on the back near the tail as you lift his chin. When you have his attention move the treat slowly back toward the tail. But if these are not the results you desire, be prepared to change YOUR behaviour, before you try to alter the dog's. So, here's how NOT to train your dog:- Forget that your dog has a nature unlike yours. Most times, they are not ignoring the command as much as failing to understand it. For the slow learner or assertive dog, it may be necessary to use a collar and short leash - two to four feet is best - 'Sit' the dog and kneel down facing him.First, take advantage of the dog's spontaneous behavior.When the dog is in position, praise lavishly even though you executed the movement not the dog. At completion praise lavishly and reward. Associate a unique hand signal and tone with the command. We can wsh it were so but it's not and never will be! Though the average grown dog has a mental development someplace approximately on the level of a human two year old, there are more deviations than there are similarities.Encourage by taking a treat or toy. You want the dog to associate the position with good feelings - his and yours.In really hard cases, kneel nd put the leash loop under one foot and slide it under the knee of the opposite leg, facing at a slight angle to the dog. Many dogs take two years to learn anything beyond the easiest basics to the point that it consistently sticks.Difficulty training 'sit' varies by breed, individual and training style.When a dog sits he's more attentive, making it easier to follow commands.To command sit, stand and face the dog then make the command.Lets get one thing carved in stone right away - Dogs are not hairy fluffy kids. Fortunately, almost every dog can learn 'sit' quickly. Wait for the response. And never let him train you. It seems it should be obvious - they've done the action with success many times before

Wikipedia on dog beds

The dog ( Canis lupus familiaris ) is a domesticated subspecies of the wolf, a mammal of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. The term encompasses both feral and pet varieties and is also sometimes used to describe wild canids of other subspecies or species. The domestic dog has been one of the most widely kept working and companion animals in human history, as well as being a food source in some cultures. There are estimated to be 400 million dogs in the world.

The dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds. Height measured to the withers ranges from a few inches in the Chihuahua to a few feet in the Irish Wolfhound; color varies from white through grays (usually called blue ) to black, and browns from light (tan) to dark ("red" or "chocolate") in a wide variation of patterns; and, coats can be very short to many centimeters long, from coarse hair to something akin to wool, straight or curly, or smooth.

Domestic dogs often display the remnants of counter-shading, a common natural camouflage pattern. The general theory of countershading is that an animal that is lit from above will appear lighter on its upper half and darker on its lower half where it will usually be in its own shade. This is a pattern that predators can learn to watch for. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below. This reduces the general visibility of the animal. One reminder of this pattern is that many breeds will have the occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their chest or undersides.

Tail

There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, cork-screw. In some breeds, the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries (especially for hunting dogs). It can happen that some puppies are born with a short tail or no tail in some breeds.

Sprint metabolism

In domestic dogs, sexual maturity (puberty) begins to happen around age 6 to 12 months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. Adolescence for most domestic dogs is around 12 to 15 months, beyond which they are for the most part more adult than puppy. As with other domesticated species, domestication has selectively bred for higher libido and earlier and more frequent breeding cycles in dogs, than in their wild ancestors. Dogs remain reproductively active until old age.

Most female dogs have their first estrous cycle between 6 and 12 months, although some larger breeds delay until as late as 2 years. Females experience estrous cycles biannually, during which her body prepares for pregnancy, and at the peak she will come into estrus, during which time she will be mentally and physically receptive to copulation.

Dogs bear their litters roughly 56 to 72 days after fertilization, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. Toy dogs generally produce from one to four puppies in each litter, while much larger breeds may average as many as 12 pups in each litter.

Spaying and neutering

Neutering (spaying females and castrating males) refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate, and reduce sex drive. Neutering has also been known to reduce aggression in male dogs, but has been shown to occasionally increase aggression in female dogs.

Animal control agencies in the United States and the ASPCA advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered so that they do not have undesired puppies.

Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, puppies born to strays or as the result of accidental breedings often end up being killed in animal shelters. Neutering can also decrease or eliminate the risk of hormone-driven diseases such as mammary cancer, as well as undesired hormone-driven behaviors. However, certain medical problems are more likely after neutering, such as urinary incontinence in females and prostate cancer in males. The hormonal changes involved with sterilization are likely to somewhat change the animal's personality, however, and some object to neutering as the sterilization could be carried out without the excision of organs.

It is not essential for a female dog to either experience a heat cycle or have puppies before spaying, and likewise, a male dog does not need the experience of mating before castration.

Female cats and dogs are seven times more likely to develop mammary tumors if they are not spayed before their first heat cycle. Dog food containing soybeans or soybean fractions have been found to contain phytoestrogens in levels that could have biological effects when ingested longterm.

Gender-preservative surgeries such as vasectomy and tubal ligation are possible, but do not appear to be popular due to the continuation of gender-specific behaviors and disease risks.

Overpopulation

United States

According to the Humane Society of the United States, 3–4 million dogs and cats are put down each year in the United States and many more are confined to cages in shelters because there are many more animals than there are homes. Spaying or castrating dogs helps keep overpopulation down. Local humane societies, SPCAs and other animal protection organizations urge people to neuter their pets and to adopt animals from shelters instead of purchasing them. Several notable public figures have spoken out against animal over population, including Bob Barker. On his game show, The Price Is Right , Barker stressed the problem at the end of every episode, saying: "Help control the pet population. Have your pets spayed or neutered." The current host, Drew Carey, makes a similar plea at the conclusion of each episode.

Working, utility and assistance dogs

• Bark (dog)
• Dog king – Scandinavian tradition
• Dog licence
• Dog odor
• Dog paddle – basic swimming stroke
• Dog park
• Fear of dogs
• List of dog breeds
• List of dogs
• List of fictional dogs
• List of most popular dog breeds
• Subspecies of Canis lupus
• Wolf-dog hybrid

References

1. ^ Wozencraft, W. C. (16 November 2005). in Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World , 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.  
2. ^ http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Canis_lupus_familiaris.html
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Coppinger, Ray (2001). Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution , p352. 0684855305.  
4. ^ The Complete dog book : the photograph, history, and official standard of every breed admitted to AKC registration, and the selection, training, breeding, care, and feeding of pure-bred dogs. Publisher New York: Howell Book House, 1992. ISBN 0876054645
5. ^ "Domestic Pet Dog Classified By Linnaeus In 1758 As Canis Familiaris And Canis Familiarus Domesticus". www.encyclocentral.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-18.
6. ^ Seebold, Elmar (2002). Kluge. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache . Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 207. ISBN 3110174731.

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